Dampferzeuger oder Dampfkessel

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A very important question to ask yourself. Are you in doubt about the exact difference in these two kind of steam producing plants, then it is recommended that you read the below introduction.

There is a difference, and it can gives you substantial advantages to choose right, both economical and technical.

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The theory of producing steam

Water and steam are typically used as heat carriers in heating systems. It is well known that water boils and evaporates at 100°C under atmospheric pressure. By higher pressure, water evaporates at higher temperature - e.g. a pressure of 10 bar equals an evaporation temperature of 184°C. During the evaporation process, pressure and temperature are constant, and a substantial amount of heat are use for bringing the water from liquid to vapour phase. When all the water is evaporated, the steam is called dry saturated. In this condition the steam contains a large amount of latent heat, corresponding the heat that was led to the process under constant pressure and temperature.

So despite temperature and pressure is the same for the liquid and the vapour, the amount of heat is much higher in vapour compare to the liquid. This latent heat in the dry saturated steam can efficiently be utilized to different processes requiring heat.

 

The Steam Supply

The steam boiler or steam generator is connected to the consumers through the steam and condensate piping. When the steam is provided to the consumers, it condensate. It can then be returned to the feed water tank, from where it again is pumped to the steam boiler / steam generator. It often happens that the condensate is not fully or partly recycled, and then a make-up of fresh and pre-treated feed water is established.

 

Steam generator boiler
versus steam boiler

Opposite the principle of the steam boilers,

 the water in the steam generators evaporates inside the tube winded up into serial connected tube coils.

The feed water is heated up to the evaporation temperature and then evaporated. The intensity of the heat, the feed water flow and the size/length of the tube are adapted, so that the water is exactly fully evaporated at the exit of the tube. This ensures a very small water and steam volume (content of the pressure vessl). Thus there are no buffer in a steam generator, and is it temporary overloaded i.e. beyond its nominal steam capacity - a separate buffer tank should be provided (accessories).

The advantages using a steam generator compare to conventional steam boilers:

  • Easy to operate - normally no requirement for boiler authorization
  • Rapid start-up and establishing full steam pressure
  • Compact and easy to adapt in the existing machinery arrangement
  • Price attractive - especially at low steam rates.

     

Steam Generator Design

Steam generators can be delivered in horizontal execution (with low height), or in vertical execution (occupying limited floor space). Like the steam boilers they are delivered insulated with stainless steel cover sheets and complete with burner, armatures, instrumentation, safeties and a control panel - and with full documentation including necessary certificates.

The steam generators heaters are made with coils made of seamless tubes, where the feed water is preheated and evaporated during the flow through these. The heat is transferred to the water/steam mixture as radiant heat in the combustion chamber, where the inner cylindrical tube coil and a flat tube coil forms the chamber wall and the bottom respectively. Consequently refractory concrete is avoided. The combustion gasses are hereafter cooled in the outer convection part, as the gasses pass the space between the two tube coils. The thermal design ensures a modest volume of steam relative to the size of the heater, and allows unlimited thermal expansion due to the high temperatures. All TT Boilers steam generators and steam boilers are designed and equipped according to German TRD boiler regulations and Danish AT boiler regulations (and corresponding ratified EN-norms).

Beside the standard execution the steam generators can be delivered in e.g. following variations:

  • Electrical heated, including EX-design if required
  • Material in stainless steel
  • Complete skid-mounted with tanks and pre-treatment equipment.
  • Build in a container.

 

Exhaust Gas Boilers · Economizers

Steam can be produced not only by oil or gas-fired burners, but also by utilizing the substantial amount of waste heat in hot flue gasses or exhaust air. The steam evaporation is done like the steam generators, and are gives therefore a rapid acting and compact unit.


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